Python
Readable, powerful, everywhere
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read 9 chapters Programming language
Created
1991 by Guido van Rossum
Type
Dynamic, interpreted, multi-paradigm
Current version
Python 3.12 (2023)
Powers
AI/ML, data science, web backends, automation
Packages
400,000+ on PyPI
Used by
Google, Netflix, Instagram, NASA, CERN
File extension
.py
Best for
AI/ML, data science, automation, web backends
What is Python?
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its clean syntax and readability. It's the most popular language for beginners and dominates data science, AI, and automation.
Why Python?
Python trades execution speed for developer productivity. For 90% of use cases the speed difference doesn't matter — but writing code 3x faster always does.
| Feature | Python | JavaScript | Java |
|---|---|---|---|
| Learning curve | Easiest | Easy | Medium |
| Data science/AI | Dominant (PyTorch, NumPy) | Limited | Limited |
| Web backends | Django, Flask | Node.js | Spring |
| Automation | Excellent | Good | Verbose |
| Speed | Slow | Fast (V8 JIT) | Fast |
What you'll learn
| Chapter | What you'll know |
|---|---|
| Introduction | What Python is, how to run it |
| Syntax | Indentation, types, strings |
| Data Structures | Lists, dicts, tuples, sets |
| Control Flow | if/elif, for, while |
| Functions | def, args, lambdas |
| OOP | Classes, inheritance, properties |
| Files & Errors | try/except, file I/O |
| Modules | Import, pip, virtualenv |
| Comprehensions | List/dict comprehensions, generators |
Start with introduction.